Hemolytic disease of the newborn patient with rhesus incompatibility: a case report

Abstract

Introduction: Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) is characterized by hemolytic anemia and jaundice. It arises when neonates' erythrocytes coated with sensitized antibodies are destroyed. Cases of HDN are still at high risk, particularly in women and children who are incompatible with rhesus. Reporting an instance of HDN with rhesus incompatibility was the goal of this investigation.

Case description: A 2-day-old male infant came with jaundice for less than 24 hours. Complaints are accompanied by dark urination. It is a second pregnancy, patient's mother routinely had her pregnancy checked by an obstetrician. The patient's mother was given rhesus immunoglobulin medication before giving birth and after giving birth. The patient was born with sectio caesarea, did not cry immediately, birth weight 2680 grams, 37 weeks with APGAR score 5-7. The first child is a still-alive boy with no similar complaints. The patient's mother has blood type O-, the patient's father (2^nd husband) has blood type AB+, and the first child from her first husband has blood type O+. Laboratory test results support HDN with rhesus incompatibility, such as reticulocytosis, normochromic normocytic anemia, anisocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, spherocyte and fragmentocyte in peripheral blood smear, the patient has blood type B+, crossmatch incompatible, coomb’s test positive, examination of maternal rhesus antibody titer positive 1:512.

Conclusion: A 2-day-old male infant, HDN with rhesus incompatibility. Complaints, physical examination, and laboratory examinations confirmed the diagnosis. After 10 days of treatment, the patient was declared to have improved and was allowed to go home.