Comparison of blood group testing accuracy using EldonCard® and tube method in blood transfusion unit at Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital
Main Article Content
Keywords
Blood Group, EldonCard®, tube test
Abstract
Background: Blood group testing is essential before performing blood transfusions. The EldonCard® is a modified slide method that utilizes a dry antibody reagent to agglutinate red blood cells with the corresponding antigen. Evaluating the compatibility of blood group results between the EldonCard® and the tube method is essential. This study aimed to assess the level of agreement between blood type and rhesus factor results obtained using the EldonCard® and the tube test.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Blood Transfusion Unit of Prof. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital in Denpasar from March to April 2023. A total of 44 blood samples were collected in K2EDTA tubes from donors through consecutive sampling. Blood type and rhesus factor were determined using both the EldonCard® and the tube method. Results were compared and analyzed statistically with Microsoft Excel 2019 and SPSS Version 26, applying Cohen's Kappa Coefficient to evaluate the level of agreement.
Results: Based on demographic characteristics, the age range of donors was 18 to 57 years, with a median age of 32 years. Most participants were male (35 individuals), with blood type O positive being the most common. There was excellent concordance between the EldonCard® and the tube method (kappa = 0.932; p=0.00).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the EldonCard® shows very high agreement with the tube method for blood type testing.
References
2. Li Y., Guo K. Blood Group Testing. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022. 9:1-11
3. Westhoff, M. Blood group genotyping. Blood. 2019;133(17):1814-1820.
4. Cooling, L. ABO, H, and Lewis blood groups and structurally related antigen. In: Fung, M., Grossman, B.J., Hillyer, C.D., Westhoff, C.M.. Technical Manual. 18th edition. Bethesda. 2014; 291-315.
5. Mulyantari, N.K., Yasa, I.W.P.S. 2017. Pemeriksaan Golongan Darah Rhesus. In: Mulyantari, N.K., Yasa, I.W.P.S. Laboratorium Pratransfusi Update. 2nd edition. Denpasar: Udayana University.2017; 27-40.
6. Eldon Biologicals A/S, ELDON™ HOME KIT HKA 2511. 2020 [Online] Available at: https://homehealth-uk.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/en-HKA-2511-2020-08-25.pdf [Accessed 5 January 2023]
7. Tiwari, A., Setya, D., Aggarwal, G. Evaluation of new indigenous "point-of-care" ABO and Rh grouping device. J Lab Physicians. 2018;10(1):80-84
8. Hertaeg, J., Tabor RF , McLiesh H , Garnier G . A rapid paper-based blood typing method from droplet wicking. Analyst. 2021;146(3):1048-1056.
9. Yousuf, R., Ghani, S., Khalid, N., Leong, F. Study on ABO and RhD blood grouping: Comparison between conventional tile method and a new solid phase method (InTec Blood Grouping Test Kit). Malays J Pathol. 2018;40(1):27-32.
10. Chomean S, Ingkananth S, Kiatchaipar M, Kaset C. Portable paper-based device for ABO and RhD typing using smartphone interpretation: Optical answer sheet reading concept. Anal Chim Acta. 2021; 1-8
11. Ebrahimi, S., Paknejad, M., Aminian M. Paper based analytical devices for blood grouping: a comprehensive review. Biomed Microdevices. 2021;23(3):34.
12. Ince FD, Ellidağ HY, Koseoğlu M, Şimşek N, Yalçın H, Zengin MO. The comparison of automated urine analyzers with manual microscopic examination for urinalysis automated urine analyzers and manual urinalysis. Practical Laboratory Medicine 2016.5:14-20
13. Ravichandran, S., Abraham, P., Sugendran, K., Hedegaard, H., Jones, E. Trial And Evaluation Of Dry Format Eldon Card for ABO & Rh Blood Grouping " A New Card Concept ". National Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2019. 6(4):168-171
14. Eldon Biologicals A/S. Evaluation Report: Testing Blood Types using EldonCards prepared with Monoclonal Antibodies Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-D. Multi Centre Performance Study on 3000 Blood Sample. Gentofte: Eldon Biologicals A/S; 2004.
15. Bienek DR, Charlton DG. Accuracy of user-friendly blood typing kits tested under simulated military field conditions. Mil Med. 2011;176(4):454-460.